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Conventional rock blasting promotes many negative environmental impacts including ground vibration, flying rock, air blast, and the emission of noise, dust and gases. An unconventional alternative process is the application of electrohydraulic principles. Electrohydraulic blasting is able to create a state of fracturing and rupture in the rock, almost instantly. A high current impulse generator produces the energy, without the above environmental impacts caused by conventional explosives. It is particularly suitable for application in urban areas. The paper describes laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, consideration of the geomechanical criteria of rock failure and analysis of the electrical parameters of impulse generators related to rock fragmentation. The laboratory experiments included geomechanical and electrohydraulic tests on limestone samples from 50kg up to 150kg. The test results show satisfactory efficiency and energy losses.